Crime
We moved Boulder Crime News and police blotter out of News and made it a primary category. Even though crime news is the highest in analytic s some readers complain because it ruins non violent news. Our readers and viewers prefer science, tech environmental and entertainment news. So crime news junkies now have your own bad news section here.
CU study; Death of microbes could determine time of death
Sep 27th
The clock is essentially the lock-step succession of bacterial changes that occur postmortem as bodies move through the decay process. And while the researchers used mice for the new study, previous studies on the human microbiome – the estimated 100 trillion or so microbes that live on and in each of us – indicate there is good reason to believe similar microbial clocks are ticking away on human corpses, said Jessica Metcalf, a CU-Boulder postdoctoral researcher and first author on the study.
“While establishing time of death is a crucial piece of information for investigators in cases that involve bodies, existing techniques are not always reliable,” said Metcalf of CU-Boulder’s BioFrontiers Institute. “Our results provide a detailed understanding of the bacterial changes that occur as mouse corpses decompose, and we believe this method has the potential to be a complementary forensic tool for estimating time of death.”
Currently, investigators use tools ranging from the timing of last text messages and corpse temperatures to insect infestations on bodies and “grave soil” analyses, with varying results, she said. And the more days that elapse following a person’s demise, the more difficult it becomes to determine the time of death with any significant accuracy.
Using high-technology gene sequencing techniques on both bacteria and microbial eukaryotic organisms like fungi, nematodes and amoeba postmortem, the researchers were able to pinpoint time of mouse death after a 48-day period to within roughly four days. The results were even more accurate following an analysis at 34 days, correctly estimating the time of death within about three days, said Metcalf.
A paper on the subject was published Sept. 23 in the new online science and biomedical journal, eLIFE, a joint initiative of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute, the Max Planck Society and the Wellcome Trust Fund. The study was funded by the National Institutes of Justice.
The researchers tracked microbial changes on the heads, torsos, body cavities and associated grave soil of 40 mice at eight different time points over the 48-day study. The stages after death include the “fresh” stage before decomposition, followed by “active decay” that includes bloating and subsequent body cavity rupture, followed by “advanced decay,” said Chaminade University forensic scientist David Carter, a co-author on the study.
“At each time point that we sampled, we saw similar microbiome patterns on the individual mice and similar biochemical changes in the grave soil,” said Laura Parfrey, a former CU-Boulder postdoctoral fellow and now a faculty member at the University of British Columbia who is a microbial and eukaryotic expert. “And although there were dramatic changes in the abundance and distribution of bacteria over the course of the study, we saw a surprising amount of consistency between individual mice microbes between the time points — something we were hoping for.”
As part of the project, the researchers also charted “blooms” of a common soil-dwelling nematode well known for consuming bacterial biomass that occurred at roughly the same time on individual mice during the decay period. “The nematodes seem to be responding to increases in bacterial biomass during the early decomposition process, an interesting finding from a community ecology standpoint,” said Metcalf.
“This work shows that your microbiome is not just important while you’re alive,” said CU-Boulder Associate Professor Rob Knight, the corresponding study author who runs the lab where the experiments took place. “It might also be important after you’re dead.”
The research team is working closely with assistant professors Sibyl Bucheli and Aaron Linne of Sam Houston State University in Huntsville, Texas, home of the Southeast Texas Applied Forensic Science Facility, an outdoor human decomposition facility known popularly as a “body farm.” The researchers are testing bacterial signatures of human cadavers over time to learn more about the process of human decomposition and how it is influenced by weather, seasons, animal scavenging and insect infestations.
The new study is one of more than a dozen papers authored or co-authored by CU-Boulder researchers published in the past several years on human microbiomes. One of the studies, led by Professor Noah Fierer, a co-author on the new study, brought to light another potential forensic tool — microbial signatures left on computer keys and computer mice, an idea enthralling enough it was featured on a “CSI: Crime Scene Investigation” television episode.
“This study establishes that a body’s collection of microbial genomes provides a store of information about its history,” said Knight, also an associate professor of chemistry and biochemistry and a Howard Hughes Medical Institute Early Career Scientist. “Future studies will let us understand how much of this information, both about events before death — like diet, lifestyle and travel — and after death can be recovered.”
In addition to Metcalf, Fierer, Knight, Carter and Parfrey, other study authors included Antonio Gonzalez, Gail Ackerman, Greg Humphrey, Mathew Gebert, Will Van Treuren, Donna Berg Lyons and Kyle Keepers from CU-Boulder, former BioFrontiers doctoral student Dan Knights from the University of Minnesota, and Yan Go and James Bullard from Pacific Biosciences in Menlo Park, Calif. Keepers participated in the study as an undergraduate while Gonzalez, now a postdoctoral researcher, was a graduate student during the study.
“There is no single forensic tool that is useful in all scenarios, as all have some degree of uncertainty,” said Metcalf. “But given our results and our experience with microbiomes, there is reason to believe we can get past some of this uncertainty and look toward this technique as a complementary method to better estimate time of death in humans.”
Gene sequencing equipment for the study included machines from Illumina of San Diego and Pacific Biosciences of Menlo Park, Calif. The Illumina data were generated at CU-Boulder in the BioFrontiers Next Generation Sequencing Facility.
To access a copy of the paper visit http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01104. For more information on the BioFrontiers Institute visit http://biofrontiers.colorado.edu.
-CU-
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Boulder Rangers week: Homemade bombs found in Lefthand Creek, dog bites, assaults and trespass
Aug 23rd
• Two reports of criminal trespasses, one at Flatirons Vista Trailhead and the other at Doudy Draw.
• A report of a deer caught in an iron wrought fence. The deer had to be dispatched.
• A report of an assault near the North Wittemeyer property. Witnesses stated that a man was pulled out of a vehicle and beaten. Rangers assisted Sheriff’s Officers on this call but were unable to locate a suspect.
• A report of two dog bites. One hiker was charged and attacked by a Golden Retriever on the Gregory Canyon trail, while a boy scout was attacked by a Border Collie at the Green Mountain Summit.
Safety Reminder from Ranger Scott Wilkey:
To all;
I want to take this time to remind everyone that we live in a sometimes strange world.
A few days ago, a fisherman located what appeared to be a suspicious device in Left Hand Creek. I met with Boulder County Sheriff’s deputies there and upon investigation we determined that they were sufficiently suspicious to call the bomb squad.
The short story is that the devices were small homemade bombs with fuses.
They were about 6” long and made out of ½ or ¾ inch PVC pipe. They had end caps and fuses. Both devices were very powerful and dangerous despite having been in the creek for who knows how long.
I urge all OSMP folks in the field to take caution. We all see a lot of different things out there but if it seems suspicious to you…
CALL A RANGER.
I know I speak for all of us when I say that we have no problem responding to check out a suspicious device, person or situation.
Please be safe out there, everyone.
Volunteer Day at Cure Organic Farm
We had 25 volunteers show up to help harvest tomatoes and new potatoes at Cure Organic Farm on Thursday, August 15th. Before heading out into the fields, Lauren Kolb, ag resource specialist, spoke about this history of agriculture in Boulder County and how Open Space is helping to keep this rich agricultural tradition going by providing leasable land for farmers and ranchers.
Anne Cure, a three year tenant of the Eccher parcel on Valmont Road, talked about the evolution of her operation. Anne started Cure Organic Farm with 4 acres and an 80-family CSA. Today, Anne has expanded her operation to 12 certified-organic acres which supports a 185-family CSA. Anne typifies a diversified operation, not only in the number of vegetables she grows, but also with a variety of other revenue streams: a day camp for kids, cut flowers, two farmers markets, 12 restaurant customers, and a menagerie of animals including ducks, chickens, sheep, and pigs. Expanding onto OSMP property has allowed Anne to de-intensify her production: instead of growing three vegetable crops on the same piece of land in a single growing season, she can give the land a rest by planting cover crops to allow the soil organic matter to rebuild.
With the help of our volunteer crew, Anne harvested 332 pounds of heirloom tomatoes and 2,622 pounds of potatoes for her CSA and farmers’ market, much to the delight of her interns. After finishing in the field, Anne treated the volunteers to some extra produce—potatoes, squash, radishes, chard, and zucchini! We’ll be sure to be back in September and October to help with peak harvest.
Trailheads
Jay Jones and crew built a new ADA compliant picnic / meeting site, on the pathway for Crown Rock.
Last week:
- Hauled building stone to work site at Crown rock
- Removed old table and excavated footprint for improved picnic area
- Dug bench for rock wall
- Installed two tier rock wall and graded surface
Jennelle Freeston
Coordinator of Volunteer Services
City of Boulder Open Space and Mountain Parks
66 South Cherryvale Rd.
Boulder, CO 80303
FreestonJ@bouldercolorado.gov
Phone: 303-413-7656
Cell: 303-818-6972
www.osmp.org
Police investigate armed robbery at Boulder liquor store
Aug 3rd
Two suspects entered the store, both armed with handguns. The suspects were wearing all black clothing and black gloves. They were wearing articles of clothing to conceal their identity. The suspects stole money and then fled the store on foot heading eastbound.
Suspect 1 is described as:
- White male
- 6’ tall
- Thin build
- Blondish colored hair that was possibly curly
- Pale complexion with possible freckles
- Wearing black knit cap and a dark colored bandana with a white pattern
- Black shoes with white soles
Suspect 2 is described as:
- Hispanic or light-skinned black male
- 5’8” to 5’10” tall
- Thin build
- Brown eyes
- Wearing a black ski mask
The case number is 13-9940. Photographs are attached.
- One of two robbers, heavily disguised.
Investigators are trying to identify the two suspects and are asking anyone with information to contact detectives. Anyone with information may call Detective Heather Frey at 303-441-3369. Those who have information but wish to remain anonymous may contact the Northern Colorado Crime Stoppers at 1-800-222-TIPS (8477) or 1-800-444-3776. Tips can also be submitted through the Crime Stoppers website at www.crimeshurt.com. Those submitting tips through Crime Stoppers that lead to the arrest and filing of charges on a suspect(s) may be eligible for a cash reward of up to $1,000 from Crime Stoppers.
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