CU News
News from the University of Colorado in Boulder.
CU-BOULDER FACULTY MEMBER TO MAKE STELLAR OBSERVATIONS WITH AIRBORNE OBSERVATORY
Dec 1st
A University of Colorado at Boulder faculty member is one of two scientists who will use data gathered by a world-class telescope flying aboard a modified Boeing 747 to peer at a distant star-forming region during its inaugural science flight this week.
Known as the Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy, or SOFIA, the jet was significantly modified in order to mount a 2.5-meter reflecting telescope in the rear fuselage, said Senior Research Associate Paul Harvey of CU-Boulder’s Center for Astrophysics and Space Astronomy, one of the scientists involved in the mission.
The jet will fly at 40,000 to 45,000 feet in altitude, putting it above more than 99 percent of the water vapor in the atmosphere — which blocks infrared light from reaching the ground — and will allow scientists to observe stellar targets in wavelengths of light that can’t be observed by ground-based telescopes, said Harvey.
The aircraft and telescope were successfully tested in the summer of 2009. SOFIA’s Faint Object InfraRed Camera, known as FORCAST, is a versatile camera that collects light from the visible, infrared and sub-millimeter portions of the electromagnetic spectrum, Harvey said.
Harvey will be observing and analyzing the distribution of dust and gas in a young, star-forming cluster known as Sharpless 140 that is roughly 3,000 light-years from Earth in the constellation Cepheus. One light-year is equal to about 6 trillion miles.
“Observing the birth of stars in our own galaxy is critical because planetary systems form at the same time that a central star is formed,” said Harvey. “In addition, some of the most luminous galaxies in the universe appear to be powered by extreme bursts of star formation.”
Harvey flew on several hundred flights of SOFIA’s predecessor, the Kuiper Airborne Observatory, but will not be aboard the first science flight of SOFIA. The second set of observations on this week’s SOFIA science flight will be led by Mark Morris of UCLA, who will be targeting star-forming regions in the Orion nebula.
Harvey said the FORCAST camera on the telescope has large, two-dimensional array detectors that are similar to charge-coupled devices found in digital cameras. The goal is to obtain a sequence of images of the star cluster with the telescope, which will move almost imperceptibly between each image in order to sample “sub-pixels.”
One advantage of the SOFIA observatory is that scientists can make changes and improvements to the craft’s instruments between flights as well as change observing techniques, said Harvey. “These are impossible tasks for orbiting telescopes that have very fixed procedures for the instruments and observations.”
He also is working with the FORCAST team to interpret data gathered during the first science flight in order to carefully characterize SOFIA’s imaging capabilities for future users.
Harvey said he hopes to build a long-term program of specialized observations on SOFIA that eventually will involve data analysis by CU-Boulder students.
NASA hopes SOFIA will continue to fly astronomical science observations for the next two decades, with research flights expected to ramp up to two or three flights a week by 2015. SOFIA’s suite of instruments are expected to gather new information on a wide variety of astronomical targets, including black holes, distant galaxies, the formation of stars and planets, and up close views of comets and asteroids.
SOFIA is a joint project between NASA and the German Aerospace Center. SOFIA’s science and mission operations are managed by NASA’s Ames Research Center in Moffett Field, Calif., in cooperation with the Universities Space Research Association in Columbia, Md., and the Deutsches SOFIA Institut in Stuttgart, Germany.
SOURCE: CU PRESS RELEASE
CU-NASA RESEARCH CENTER TO STUDY SUN’S EFFECTS ON EARTH’S CLIMATE
Nov 30th
The center, called the Sun-Climate Research Center, or SCRC, will be co-directed by LASP Research Scientist Peter Pilewskie as well as Robert Cahalan, who heads Goddard’s Climate and Radiation Branch, and Douglas Rabin, head of Goddard’s Solar Physics Laboratory.
“The exciting thing about this collaboration is that we believe it will promote studies to help answer key questions about the climate system, including how Earth’s atmosphere responds to the sun’s variability and how that affects climate,” said Pilewskie, a faculty member in CU-Boulder’s atmospheric and oceanic sciences department. “This question is particularly important now as we seek to quantify the human-induced impact on Earth’s climate.”
Made possible by a Federal Space Act Agreement, SCRC will foster collaboration between Earth-atmosphere and solar sciences at the two institutions. Opportunities will include a scientist exchange program between the organizations and the ability for postdoctoral scientists and graduate students in science, engineering and mission operations to move between LASP and Goddard. The partnership also will include international research symposia on sun-climate interactions.
“In recent years Goddard and LASP have worked together on several Earth and sun missions,” said Cahalan. “Now we look forward to continuing to drive growth in this key interdisciplinary field of sun-Earth research, bringing new focus to the study of multiyear changes in the sun and its influence on Earth’s climate.”
According to the center’s co-directors, the SCRC represents a rare and innovative step that underscores LASP’s ability to take its high-caliber research and program opportunities to a new level with Goddard.
“LASP has developed some remarkable areas of expertise that are key to studying the sun and its effect on climate and on human activities,” said LASP Director Daniel Baker. “By working with our colleagues at Goddard, we can leverage our skills and help take an important step toward greater cooperation between NASA centers and leading university research teams.”
For more information on LASP visit http://lasp.colorado.edu/home/. For more information on NASA’s Goddard Space Flight Center visit http://www.nasa.gov/centers/goddard/home/index.html.
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ONLINE SCIENCE PROJECT LAUNCHED BY CU NOBEL LAUREATE RECEIVES $2.5 MILLION TO ENHANCE MIDDLE SCHOOL SCIENCE
Nov 29th
The skate park may sound like an after-school hangout, but it’s a cutting-edge computer simulation that — along with animated cousins like Electric Field Hockey and John Travoltage — is a boon to students and science teachers alike.
Now, new grants totaling $2.5 million from the National Science Foundation and the Dallas-based O’Donnell Foundation will allow the innovative University of Colorado at Boulder project to expand to a key area of need — middle school science.
The PhET Interactive Simulations Project includes a total of 87 computer-based interactive science simulations. These extensively tested simulations are available for free on the Internet and are used in classrooms around the globe, contributing to CU-Boulder’s leadership in Science, Technology, Engineering and Mathematics, or STEM, education.
Founded in 2002 at CU-Boulder by Nobel laureate Carl Wieman, the team of scientists, software engineers and science educators use the latest results from education research to create high-quality simulations and associated classroom activities. The resources are designed to engage students and improve their learning of underlying concepts.
Over the past eight years, the PhET project has built on its original focus on physics (it originally was called the Physics Education Technology Project) and expanded its suite of simulations into chemistry, math, biology and earth science.
The free simulations currently are run over 15 million times per year with usage nearly doubling each year. The simulations have been translated into 50 languages and 34 percent of its users are from outside the United States.
Trish Loeblein, a physics and chemistry teacher at Evergreen High School in Colorado, says that in her 30 years of teaching she has seen many educational tools come and go. But she said PhET simulations bring unprecedented advantages to students, including the ability to visualize complex, and sometimes invisible, phenomena.
“Most young students do not have enough experience to visualize the process of physics happening, like I do in my mind’s eye, after decades of study,” said Loeblein. “The PhET simulations allow us to conduct experiments, with students at the helm, that we wouldn’t otherwise be able to stage or model in the classroom.”
When using the Energy Skate Park, for example, students can relocate a skateboarder to the moon, or Jupiter, to see the effects of gravity on motion, Loeblein said.
“Students also do not have to worry about breaking expensive lab equipment, so PhET facilitates a nonthreatening learning environment,” she said. “The worst thing that can happen is to have to hit reset on the simulation.”
The PhET project begins a major new effort this fall to bring these powerful educational tools to middle school classrooms. With the $2.5 million in new funding, the project will develop a suite of 35 simulations specifically designed for middle school physical science students.
“Research shows that middle school is a critical stage for many students, where they either get excited by science or turned off,” said Kathy Perkins, director of the PhET project. “We believe bringing PhET simulations to middle school will help make science classes both more effective and more fun.”
By watching middle school students use the simulations and examining the types of questions that are sparked by the simulations, the PhET team will gain insights into how to improve the simulations to engage students at this key age, Perkins said.
“We are so impressed with PhET’s potential to transform how science is taught, and with what the project has accomplished at the high school and college level,” said O’Donnell Foundation founder Peter O’Donnell, a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a long-standing proponent of improving science education. “We think that bringing these learning tools to middle school students and teachers will improve math and science education in a measurable way.”
To explore the PhET project and simulations visit http://phet.colorado.edu/.
SOURCE: CU PRESS RELEASE