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Tree work along creek path closures

Feb 28th

Posted by Ron Baird, news editor in City News

No comments

Boulder Creek Path tree maintenance planned for March 3 to March 6 and March 25

The City of Boulder Parks and Recreation Department’s Urban Forestry Division will be working with Ironwood Earthcare to conduct safety-related tree maintenance along the Boulder Creek Path from Monday, March 3, to Thursday, March 6, and again on Tuesday, March 25. The work will require temporary closures of the Boulder Creek Path, and flaggers will be onsite to direct pedestrian and bicycle traffic around work zones.

 

treework2

Monday, March 3:
8 a.m. to 4 p.m. – temporary closures will be along the dirt trail south of the Justice Center, located at 1777 6th St.

Tuesday, March 4:
8 a.m. to 2 p.m. – temporary closures will be near the Evert Pierson Kids’ Fishing Pond, located at 6th Street and Canyon Boulevard.
2 to 4 p.m. – temporary closures will be near the Sculpture Park at 9th Street and Canyon Boulevard.

Wednesday, March 5:
8 to 11 a.m. – temporary closures will be near the Main Public Library, located at 1001 Arapahoe Ave.
11 a.m. to 3:30 p.m. – temporary closures will be near Central Park and Connecting Point Park, located at 13th Street and Arapahoe Avenue.

Thursday, March 6:
8 a.m. to 2 p.m. – temporary closures will be west of 17th Street along the Boulder Creek Path.
2 to 4 p.m. – temporary closures will be east of Folsom Street along the Boulder Creek Path.

Tuesday, March 25:
8 a.m. to 4 p.m. – temporary closures will be near Boulder High School, 1604 Arapahoe Ave., from 13th to 17th streets.

Please note, all tree maintenance project dates and times are weather-dependent and subject to change. For more information, call Patrick Bohin, parks and recreation department’s urban forester, at 303-519-8750.

–CITY–

Asian migrants stuck on land bridge for milleniums

Feb 27th

Posted by Ron Baird, news editor in CU News

No comments

CU-Boulder-led study says Bering Land Bridge area
likely a long-term refuge for early Americans

A new study led by the University of Colorado Boulder bolsters the theory that the first Americans, who are believed to have come over from northeast Asia during the last ice age, may have been isolated on the Bering Land Bridge for thousands of years before spreading throughout the Americas.

The theory, now known as the “Beringia Standstill,” was first proposed in 1997 by two Latin American geneticists and refined in 2007 by a team led by the University of Tartu in Estonia that sampled mitrochondrial DNA from more than 600 Native Americans. The researchers found that mutations in the DNA indicated a group of their direct ancestors from Siberia was likely isolated for at least several thousand years in the region of the Bering Land Bridge, the now-submerged plain that lies between northeast Asia and Alaska once exposed by a significantly lower sea level.

CU-Boulder researcher John Hoffecker, lead author of a short paper article appearing in the Feb. 28 issue of Science magazine, said the Beringia Standstill model gained little traction outside of the genetics community after it was proposed and has been seen by some scientists outside of the field as far-fetched. But the new paper by Hoffecker and co-authors Scott Elias of Royal Holloway, University of London, and Dennis O’Rourke of the University of Utah adds credence to the Beringia Standstill idea by further linking the genetics to the paleoecological evidence.

The Beringia Land Bridge was relatively temperate during the last ice age

The Beringia Land Bridge was relatively temperate during the last ice age

 

“A number of supporting pieces have fallen in place during the last decade, including new evidence that central Beringia supported a shrub tundra region with some trees during the last glacial maximum and was characterized by surprisingly mild temperatures, given the high latitude,” said Hoffecker of CU-Boulder’s Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research. The last glacial maximum peaked roughly 21,000 years ago and was marked by the growth of vast ice sheets in North America and Europe.

While a debate rages on about when early humans first migrated into the New World, many archaeologists now believe it was sometime around 15,000 years ago after retreating glaciers opened access to coastal and interior routes into North America.

The relatively mild summer climate in Beringia at the time was caused by North Pacific circulation patterns that brought moist and relatively warm air to the region during the last glacial maximum. Geologists believe the Beringia gateway between Siberia and Alaska was more than 600 miles wide at the time.

Hoffecker and others are now theorizing that a population of hundreds or thousands of people parked itself in central Beringia for 5,000 years or more. One key to the extended occupation may have been the presence of wood in some places to use as a fuel to supplement bone, which burns hot and fast. Experiments have shown that at least some wood is necessary to make bone practical as a fuel.

Elias, a paleoecologist and also an INSTAAR affiliate, said research using fossil pollen, plant and insect material from sediment cores from the now submerged landscape show that the Bering Land Bridge tundra environment contained enough woody plants and trees like birch, willow and alder to provide a supplement to bone.

Work by Elias and others included the analysis of certain beetle species that live in very specific temperature zones, allowing them to be used as tiny thermometers. The insects indicated that temperatures there were relatively mild during last glacial maximum that ran from about 27,000 years to 20,000 years ago, only slightly cooler than temperatures in the region today.

“The climate on the land bridge and adjacent parts of Siberia and Alaska was a bit wetter than the interior regions like central Alaska and the Yukon, but not a lot warmer,” said Elias. “Our data show that woody shrubs were available on the land bridge, which would have facilitated the making of fires by the people there.”

Evidence from the 2007 study indicated a set of genetic mutations in mitochondrial DNA, which is passed down from mother to offspring, clearly accumulated after the divergence of people from their Asian parent groups in Siberia but before their dispersal throughout the Western Hemisphere, said O’Rourke. In addition, ancient DNA from human skeletal remains found at a 24,000-year-old archaeological site in southern Siberia also appears consistent with the divergence of Native American groups from their Asian forbearers by that time window, he said.

“The genetic record has been very clear for several years that the Native American genome must have arisen in an isolated population at least by 25,000 years ago, and the bulk of the migrants to the Americas really didn’t arrive south of the ice sheets until nearly 15,000 years ago,” O’Rourke said. “The paleoecological data, which I think most geneticists have not been familiar with, indicate that Beringia was not a uniform environment, and there was a shrub tundra region, or refugium, that likely provided habitats conducive to continuous human habitation.”

“From my view the genetics and paleoecology data come together nicely,” said Hoffecker, who co-authored a 2007 book with Elias titled “The Human Ecology of Beringia.” While the weakest link to the Out of Beringia theory is the lack of archaeological evidence, Hoffecker believes future research on now submerged parts of Beringia as well as lowlands in western Alaska and eastern Siberia that still remain above water may hold clues to ancient habitation by Beringia residents, who eventually moved on to be the first group to inhabit the Americas.

Hoffecker also believes that the Beringia inhabitants during the last glacial maximum could have made successful hunting forays into the uninhabited steppe-tundra region to both the east and west, where drier conditions and more grass supported a plentiful array of large grazing animals, including steppe bison, horse and mammoth.

There is now solid evidence for humans in Beringia before the last glacial maximum, as geneticists first predicted in 1997, said Hoffecker. After the maximum, there are two sets of archaeological remains dating to less than 15,000 years ago. “One represents a late migration from Asia into Alaska at that time,” he said. “The other has no obvious source outside Beringia and may represent the people who are thought to have sheltered on the land bridge during the glacial maximum.

“If we are looking for a place to put all of these people during the last glacial maximum, Beringia may be the only realistic option,” said Hoffecker.

A video news story on the research is available at http://www.colorado.edu/news.

-CU-

 

Thousands of Boulder Social Security seniors are discriminated by rich

Feb 27th

Posted by Jann Scott in Editorials

No comments

It is Wednesday February 26th and 1000’s of Boulder Senior citizens receive their Social security checks today. The first place they head to is Walmart for their monthly groceries. The parking lot is full this night. Walmart is packed with seniors over 62 shopping for their monthly staples. Why Walmart ? Don’t these seniors know that it is not politically correct to shop there? Why aren’t they shopping at “Whole Social security check” with the rich who protest them at Walmart?

http://youtu.be/vs1XwRkka_E

The rich in Boulder secretly despise the poor. They hate the old. They hate the disabled. They don’t want them to survive nor eat. The old and the poor just don’t fit into Boulder. When you see the Walmart protesters they are always white privileged educated and rich.

Walmart serves a need in Boulder. It sells groceries at 1/3 of Whole foods prices. Walmart serves the poor.

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