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CU STUDY DISCOVERS THE FOUNTAIN OF YOUTH?

Nov 10th

Posted by Channel 1 Networks in CU News

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A University of Colorado at Boulder-led study shows that specific types of stem cells transplanted into the leg muscles of mice prevented the loss of muscle function and mass that normally occurs with aging, a finding with potential uses in treating humans with chronic, degenerative muscle diseases.

The experiments showed that when young host mice with limb muscle injuries were injected with muscle stem cells from young donor mice, the cells not only repaired the injury within days, they caused the treated muscle to double in mass and sustain itself through the lifetime of the transplanted mice. “This was a very exciting and unexpected result,” said Professor Bradley Olwin of CU-Boulder’s molecular, cellular and developmental biology department, the study’s corresponding author.

Muscle stem cells are found within populations of “satellite” cells located between muscle fibers and surrounding connective tissue and are responsible for the repair and maintenance of skeletal muscles, said Olwin. The researchers transplanted between 10 and 50 stem cells along with attached myofibers — which are individual skeletal muscle cells — from the donor mice into the host mice.

“We found that the transplanted stem cells are permanently altered and reduce the aging of the transplanted muscle, maintaining strength and mass,” said Olwin.

A paper on the subject was published in the Nov. 10 issue of Science Translational Medicine. Co-authors on the study included former CU-Boulder postdoctoral fellow John K. Hall, now at the University of Washington Medical School in Seattle, as well as Glen Banks and Jeffrey Chamberlain of the University of Washington Medical School.

Olwin said the new findings, while intriguing, are only the first in discovering how such research might someday be applicable to human health. “With further research we may one day be able to greatly resist the loss of muscle mass, size and strength in humans that accompanies aging, as well as chronic degenerative diseases like muscular dystrophy.”

Stem cells are distinguished by their ability to renew themselves through cell division and differentiate into specialized cell types. In healthy skeletal muscle tissue, the population of satellite stem cells is constantly maintained, said Olwin.

“In this study, the hallmarks we see with the aging of muscles just weren’t occurring,” said Olwin. “The transplanted material seemed to kick the stem cells to a high gear for self-renewal, essentially taking over the production of muscle cells. But the team found that when transplanted stem cells and associated myofibers were injected to healthy mouse limb muscles, there was no discernable evidence for muscle mass growth.

“The environment that the stem cells are injected into is very important, because when it tells the cells there is an injury, they respond in a unique way,” he said. “We don’t yet know why the cells we transplanted are not responding to the environment around them in the way that the cells that are already there respond. It’s fascinating, and something we need to understand.”

At the onset of the experiments the research team thought the increase in muscle mass of the transplanted mice with injured legs would dissipate within a few months. Instead, the cells underwent a 50 percent increase in mass and a 170 percent increase in size and remained elevated through the lifetime of the mice — roughly two years, said Olwin.

In the experiments, stem cells and myofibers were removed from three-month-old mice, briefly cultured and then transplanted into three-month-old mice that had temporarily induced leg muscle injuries produced by barium chloride injections. “When the muscles were examined two years later, we found the procedure permanently changed the transplanted cells, making them resistant to the aging process in the muscle,” he said.

“This suggests a tremendous expansion of those stem cells after transplantation,” Olwin said. Fortunately, the research team saw no increase in tumors in the transplanted mice despite the rapid, increased growth and production of muscle stem cells.

As part of the research effort, the team used green fluorescent protein — which glows under ultraviolet light — to flag donor cells in the injected mice. The experiment indicated many of the transplanted cells were repeatedly fused to myofibers, and that there was a large increase in the number of satellite cells in the host mice.

“We expected the cells to go in, repopulate and repair damaged muscle and to dissipate,” Olwin said. “It was quite surprising when they did not.

“It is our hope that we can someday identify small molecules or combinations of small molecules that could be applied to endogenous muscle stem cells of humans to mimic the behavior of transplanted cells,” Olwin said. “This would remove the need for cell transplants altogether, reducing the risk and complexity of treatments.”

But Olwin said it is important to remember that the team did not transplant young cells into old muscles, but rather transplanted young cells into young muscles.

The research has implications for a number of human diseases, Olwin said. In muscular dystrophy, for example, there is a loss of a protein called dystrophin that causes the muscle to literally tear itself apart and cannot be repaired without cell-based intervention. Although injected cells will repair the muscle fibers, maintaining the muscle fibers requires additional cell injections, he said.

“Progressive muscle loss occurs in a number of neuromuscular diseases and in muscular dystrophies,” he said. “Augmenting a patient’s muscle regenerative process could have a significant impact on aging and diseases, improving the quality of life and possibly improving mobility.”

Olwin said the research team is beginning experiments to see if transplanting muscle stem cells from humans or large animals into mice will have the same effects as those observed in the recent mouse experiments. “If those experiments produce positive results, it would suggest that transplanting human muscle stem cells is feasible,” he said.

Frosted trees in Boulder

Weather: SNOW Boulder, city reminders; Best weather sources here. #boulder

Nov 9th

Posted by Channel 1 Networks in News

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List of The Best Twitter weather forecasters for Boulder

Snow forecast for Boulder; city snow season reminders

With snow predicted for this week, the City of Boulder would like to remind residents of snow removal requirements and provide some tips that will help everyone have a safe winter season.

Prompt removal of snow from sidewalks is important because it helps facilitate safe pedestrian travel in adverse weather conditions. Many people rely on sidewalks to conduct their daily affairs and virtually every trip, even those by car, includes some walking, so it’s important that sidewalks are cleared of snow in a timely manner.

While the forecast does not call for significant accumulation, Boulder residents, property owners, tenants and landlords should be aware of recent changes to the city’s sidewalk snow removal requirements (Boulder Revised Code, Section 8-2-13):

All snow and ice must be cleared from the full width of all sidewalks adjacent to properties by noon the day following a snow storm;

  • If the snowstorm ends prior to 5 a.m., sidewalks must be cleared by noon that day;
  • If the snowstorm ends after 5 a.m., sidewalks must be cleared by noon the following day.

For people who are physically unable to clear snow from their sidewalks, the ICEBUSTERS program may help pair them with someone who can help. Volunteers are also needed to help with the program. To volunteer or learn more, contact the Retired Senior Volunteer Program (RSVP) at 303-443-1933 or E-mail richardvarnes@rsvp.org.

To report sidewalk snow removal violations, visit www.bouldercolorado.gov/ezeo and use the “Report a Violation” form, or contact the Environmental and Zoning Enforcement Office at 303-441-3239. The city will post information on snow removal deadlines on its “Winter Tips” website, visit www.bouldercolorado.gov and select “Winter Tips” to learn more.

Failure to remove snow before the deadline may result in a summons and/or an abatement process. Each property will only receive one warning per snow season before the abatement process begins. A warning does not have to be issued in order for a Code Enforcement Officer to issue a summons. Abatement includes the use of a private snow removal contractor to clear the sidewalks. The property owner will be charged a $50 administrative fee along with the contractor’s fee for removing the snow. If a summons is issued, the maximum fine is $1,000 and 90 days in jail as determined by the municipal judge. The fine for a first time offense is $100.

During a snowstorm, it’s important that area motorists use caution and be aware of other drivers, pedestrians and bicyclists. Here are a few tips on safely navigating city streets during a snowfall:

Slow down on ice and snow, and allow for more stopping distance (It takes 3 to 12 times more distance to stop on icy and/or snowy roads)

  • Snow plows are wider than one lane, so give them plenty of room to operate
  • Teach children to be extra careful around traffic
  • When behind a de-icing material spreading truck, try to stay three to four car lengths behind to allow for adequate stopping distance.

To report icy or dangerous roadway conditions, contact the city’s snow dispatch line during normal business hours at 303-413-7109, or after hours at 303-413-7177. To learn more about how to have a safe winter season in Boulder, visitwww.bouldercolorado.gov and click on “Winter Tips and Information” in the left-hand menu. soce cityuce

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CU Fires Head buff football coach Dan Hawkins #boulder

Nov 9th

Posted by Channel 1 Networks in CU Buff Football

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BOULDER – It was the news many people had been expecting: Dan Hawkins fired from his position as the head football coach of the University of Colorado Buffaloes.
It came after the Buffs had a massive collapse in the fourth-quarter on Saturday, the biggest in Colorado history. CU gave up 35 points to the Kansas Jayhawks to erase a 45-17 lead.

The Buffaloes are 3-6 this season and 0-5 in the Big 12, the last time the team will play in the Big 12 because it joins the Pac 12 next season. The Buffs have also lost 17 straight road games. If the Buffs had won, it would have been their first road win since 2007.

CU Athletic Director Mike Bohn had reportedly planned to wait until after the season ended to terminate Hawkins, but the collapse in Kansas forced his hand.

In his time with CU, Hawkins accumulated a record of only 1939.

Associate Head Coach Ryan Cabral will take over as interim head coach while the school runs a national search for Hawkins’ replacement.

Hawkins’ son, Cody Hawkins, will remain as the Buffs’ quarterback. He is the only healthy quarterback on the roster because Tyler Hansen is recovering from a hard hit that hospitalized him two weeks ago.

Hawkins was one of the hottest coaches in the nation when he took over at Colorado in 2006 after going 53-11 at Boise State. He replaced Gary Barnett, who lost his job after two scandal-plagued years and a 70-3 loss to Texas in the Big 12 title game after the 2005 season.

Meanwhile, Hawkins’ former assistant, Chris Petersen, has built Boise State into a national championship contender, leading many critics to suggest that Bohn hired the wrong man away from the Broncos.

Bohn, Chancellor Phil DiStefano and President Bruce Benson took heavy criticism for not firing Hawkins after the Buffs finished 3-9 last season.

Hawkins also alienated alumni and former players by saying the program was “burned to the ground” when he got there even though the Buffaloes had reached the league championship game several times under Barnett.

This year, Hawkins moved practices from their traditional afternoon time slot to early mornings and took players’ names off the backs of their jerseys. The culture of losing and Hawkins’ curt public persona in the face of so much criticism has stayed the same.

After starting 3-1, the Buffs have lost five straight and will have to beat Iowa State and Kansas State at home and Nebraska on the road to avoid a fifth straight losing season.

Hawkins’ contract runs through Jan. 31, 2013. He was awarded a contract extension in 2008 following his only bowl appearance in 2007 and signing a nationally ranked recruiting class that year.

SOURCE: from 9 NEWS AND The Associated Press

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